Chapter 8 Notes Jessica Brandon

Chapter 8 Jovian planet system

Jupiter and Saturn: mostly H and He gas

Uranus and Neptune: mostly hydrogen compound water methane ammonia. Some H, He, and rock

Beyond the frost line, planetesimal could accumulate ice

Hydrogen compounds are more abundant than rock

The Jovian cores are vey similar to the mass of 10 earths

Uranus and Neptune and denser than Saturn because they have less H and He proportionality

Interior of Jovian planets: no solid surfaces layers under high pressure and temperature. Core made of hydrogen compound metal and rock. The layers are different for the different plants

Jupiter strong magnetic foe

D gives it an enormous magnetosphere. Gases escaping Io feed donut shaped Io torus

Hydrogen co pound in Jupiter for, clouds

Different cloud layers correspond to freezing points of different hydrogen compounds

Other Jovian planets have similar cloud layers

Jupiter's color: ammonium sulfide clouds reflect red and brown.

Ammonia the highest coldest layers reflect white

***8.2 wealth of world satellite of ice and rock***

Size moon non geological activity medium sized moons geological activity in past

Medium and large moons

Enlighten self gravity to be spherical. Have substantial amounts of ice. Formed in orbit around Jovian planets. Circular orbits in same direction as planet rotation.

Small moons: far more numerous than the medium and large moons. Not enough gravity to be spherical potato shaped

Io is the most volcanically active body in the solar system.

Tidal heating io is squished and stretching as it orbits Jupiter.

Orbital resonance very seven days, these three moons line up.

Ganymede: largest moon in the solar system. Clear evidence of geological activity. Tidal heating plus heat from radioactive decay.

Callisto: classic creatures ice ball.

Titans atmosphere: Titan is the only moon in the solar system that has a thick atmosphere. It sons it's mostly with some argon, methane, and ethane.

Titans surface: the Huygens probe provided a first look at titans surface in early 2005. To had liquid methane rocks made of ice.

Titans lakes: radar imaging of titans surface has revealed dark, smooth regions that may be lakes of liquid methane.

Medium moons of Saturn: almost all show evidence of past volcanism and or tectonics.

Ongoing activity on Enceladus: fountains of ice particles and water vapor from the surface of Enceladus indicate that geological activity is ongoing.

Medium moons of Uranus: varying amounts of geological activity occur

Neptune moon triton: similar to Pluto but larger. Evidence for past geological activity.

Rocky planets vs icy moons: rock melts at higher temperatures only large rocky planets have enough heat for activity. Ice melts at. Lower temperatures. Tidal heating can melt internal ice driving activity.

***8.3 Jovian planet rings***

What are saturn rings like?  They are made up of numerous, tiny individual particles. They orbit over saturn equator. They are very thin.

Gap moons: some small moons create gaps within rings.