Chapter 10 our sun
Gravitational equilibrium gravity pulling in balance
pressure pushing out.
Energy balance thermal energy releases by fusion in core
balance radiative energy lost from surface.
Gravitational contraction provided energy that heated the dire
as the sun.
Radius 6.9 X 10 to the 8 that (109 times earth)
Corona outermost layer of solar atmosphere
Chromosphere middle layer of solar atmosphere.
Photos here visible surface of the sun
Convection zone energy transported upward by rising hot gas.
Core energy generated by nuclear fusion
10.2 nuclear fusion in the sun
Fission big nucleus splits into smaller pieces
Fusion small nuclei stick together to make a bigger one
High temperatures enable nuclear fusion to happen in the
core
The sun releases energy by fusing four hydrogen nuclei into
one helium nucleus.
Energy gradually leaks out of the radiation zone in the for,
of randomly bouncing photons
Convection rising hot gas takes energy to the surface
Patterns of vibration on the surface tell us about what the
sun is like inside
Data on solar vibrations agree with mathematical models of
solar interior
Neutrinos created during fusion fly directly through the sun
Early searches for solar neutrinos failed to find the
predicted number
10.3 the sun earth connection
Solar activity is like the weather on earth sunspots, solar
flares, solar prominences. All these phenomena are related to magnetic fields.
Sunspots are color than other parts of the sun surface. Are
regions with strong magnetic fields.
Zeeman effect we can measure magnetic fields in sunspots by
observing the splitting of spectral lines.
Charged particles spiral along magnetic field lines
Loops of bright gas often connect sunspot pairs.
Magnetic activity amuses solar flares that send Burt's of X
rays and chafed particles into space.
Magnetic activity also causes solar prominences that erupt
height above the sun surface.
The corona appears bright in x rays photos on places where
magnetic fields trap hot gas.
Coronal mass ejections send burst of energetic changed
particles out throughout the solar system.
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