This great Japanese-American physicist from the University of Chicago finally got the Nobel Prize for Physics. Yoichiro Nambu first used Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in particle physics. String Theory owes him one of the first connections of relativistic strings and particle theory also.
The Nobel Citation Reads:
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"
Together with this physicist, science in Japan, was awarded international recognition for the work of Kobayashi and Maskawa,"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature". Kobayashi and Maskawa were the first to understand the mathematical implications of having three families of quarks. The K-M matrix, is a three dimensional matrix with unit determinant and complex numbers as entries. This is an economical way to code the properties of these three families, up, down and strange quarks.
The prize has to go to three people, Nicola Cabibbo, also deserved this recognition. It seems that the wounds of Second World War, have partially healed. Either the Nobel rules, or some lingering resentment took away the Prize from Cabibbo. He gave the mathematical description of two families: up and down quarks, and also their connection with the strange quark. It is more likely that the first reason, and not the second had to do with this decision.
To support my opinion I can also name a British-American Physicist who deserves to be remembered today:
Jeffrey Goldstone.
Not everybody who deserves it, gets the Nobel Prize; and not everybody that receives it, deserves it.
So it goes.
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