Lysenko comes to mind. He knew how to talk to Stalin, and disrupted the regular development of Biology there.
On the other hand, the mathematics and physics schools were not hindered that much. For mathematics it seems that Kolmogorov was able to keep a working community inside the ideological strictures of the communists.
Be it as it may, Theoretical Biology, by that I mean mathematical and physical biology, did better than in some parts of the West. I am thinking of Alexei Finkelstein and Protein Physics, which led to Protein Design.
Gilbert N. Ling seems to have had a better reception over there. Maybe his ideas were too matehmatical for the average American Biologist.
Just wandering.
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