Bolometric Bound for AGN-UHECR Correlation

According to Zaw et al., AGNs luminosity has to satisfy:

L_bol≥10⁴⁵E₂₀² erg s^-1

to produce UHECRs.

They conclude:

"If the AGN-UHECR correlation is a real one, these results provide evidence in favor of the new mechanism of UHECR acceleration by giant AGN flares proposed by Farrar & Gruzinov (2008), in which a modest AGN has an intense flare producing a jet of the required luminosity (initiated for instance by a stellar tidal disruption rapidly heating the accretion disk) and then reverts to a mild-mannered existence."